APR, monthly rate and daily rate
A card's rate is usually quoted as an APR, an annual percentage rate. Interest is not charged once a year, though, so the APR gets broken into smaller pieces:
- Monthly rate: the APR divided by 12. A 24% APR is 2% a month.
- Daily periodic rate: the APR divided by 365, which is how many card statements figure it. A 24% APR is about 0.066% a day.
They are the same rate, just measured over different stretches of time.
From a balance to a monthly charge
Applied to a $1,000 balance at 24% APR, those rates come to about 66 cents of interest a day, or about $20 for the month. A balance twice as large means twice the interest. A lower APR shrinks the charge by the same proportion.
Statements commonly use the average daily balance, so the timing of payments and purchases inside a billing cycle nudges the real number up or down. This calculator gives a simple estimate rather than a statement match.
The monthly estimate is two steps: the APR divided by 12 gives the monthly rate, and the balance times that rate gives the charge. At 18% APR, the monthly rate is 1.5%, so a $2,000 balance picks up about $30 for the month.
Interest that lands on the balance
When a payment does not cover the full balance, the month's interest becomes part of what is owed. Next month, interest is figured on that slightly larger number. Over a year, this means the interest paid on a carried balance can come out a bit higher than the APR alone would suggest.
The per-day figure shows the same idea at a smaller scale. Each day a balance sits on the card, it adds a few cents or a few dollars, and those days add up to the monthly charge.
Why total interest depends on the payment
Interest is figured fresh every month on whatever balance is left. A larger payment lowers next month's balance, which lowers next month's interest, and that keeps repeating. A payment just above the monthly interest leaves the balance high for a long time, so the same APR produces far more interest in total.
That is why the calculator asks for a payment before it shows total interest. Changing the payment shows how much the total moves. The credit card payoff calculator turns the same inputs into a payoff month, and the minimum payment calculator shows the total when the payment follows a shrinking minimum.
What the estimate leaves out
The numbers assume one steady APR, no new purchases, and no fees. A promo rate that ends, a cash advance at a different rate, or a balance carried from month to month on new purchases would all change the real figure. For a promo rate with a fee, the balance transfer calculator handles both pieces.